Author Archives: Adam Bailey

Reducing Pollution with a Combined Tax and Subsidy

Commonly discussed options for reducing pollution at minimum economic cost are taxes, subsidies and marketable permits.  A combined tax and subsidy should be added to this list. Suppose a government wants to reduce an industry’s emissions of a pollutant to … Continue reading

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Climate Change and Trade

Policies on climate change need to address both mitigation and adaptation.  An open trading system should be a part of any adaptation strategy. Thinking about trade in the context of climate change may bring to mind specific forms or aspects … Continue reading

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Groundwater – the Essentials

Everyone is familiar with water in the form of rain, rivers, lakes and seas.  But  groundwater is less well-known.  Here are the essentials, in Question and Answer form. What is groundwater? Underground water in saturated layers of porous rock or … Continue reading

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Puma’s Environmental P&L

Puma, a sportswear company, has created a stir with its ‘environmental profit and loss’ (EPL) account.  It is a praiseworthy initiative, but the results should be used with care. Environmental reporting by companies is not new.   Puma’s innovation is to … Continue reading

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